Net Neutrality in a Nutshell

Net Neutrality is, in a nutshell, the idea that all network activity should be treated equally. This means subscribers who play online video games or watch streaming content (movies, Internet TV, etc.) should have access to the same bandwidth, at the same price, as those who merely read e-mail and surf websites. Proponents of Net Neutrality insist that some ISPs and telecoms want to adopt a tiered subscription system, or one based on activity, charging those who use more bandwidth more money for what are essentially the same services.

The fear is that without Net Neutrality, these telecoms may charge users extra to access certain applications, services, and websites -- or block them entirely, forcing customers to use "licensed" alternatives. Another concern is that ISPs may choke bandwidth for users who play online video games and streaming content, and block access to those who often use FTP and P2P (peer to peer) networking, as this activity is associated with downloading and distributing pirated content.

In 2005, the FCC issued the Internet Policy Statement, best summarized as "any lawful content, any lawful application, any lawful device, any provider." The four points of this policy, also known as the Broadband Policy Statement, state that all Internet customers are entitled to:

* access the lawful Internet content of their choice.
* run applications and use services of their choice, subject to the needs of law enforcement.
* connect legal devices that do not harm the network.
* Competition among network, application and service, and content providers.

The underlying principle of Net Neutrality is one of complete Internet freedom, stating that users be allowed to access the content they wish without interference or taxation, though they remain legally responsible. ISPs should not be allowed to stop P2P transfers, though they may be legally required to disclose information regarding users suspected of distributing or accessing illegal materials.

Recent initiatives have taken aim at these rights, giving corporations and the US government more control over access, content, and users' information. On December 21, 2010, the FCC adopted rules which prevent cable and telephone companies from blocking access to competitive sites and services, but Republicans have vowed to fight it. Opponents have congregated to fight these new acts and bills, but have met with limited success.

Net Neutrality is an important concept of which all Internet users should be aware, as it guarantees certain freedoms that are being actively targeted by factions looking to exploit the Web for profit by limiting users' rights, access, and freedoms.
Net neutrality